Microsoft is researching on storing data in DNA molecule.

Technology is being developed rapidly.Because of that in an every second the world produces millions of gigabytes of data,which are stored in huge data centers all over the world.IoT(Internet Of Things) revolution will multiply this amount by thousands of times.So where we store & how we store these data ?

Microsoft one of the world’s biggest technology firms is trying to introduce a advance solution for data storing
The solution is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).DNA is the molecule which stores the genetic information of protein synthesis on a living cell.These information is stored as a sequences of base pairs called (A)denine, (C)ytonine, (G)uanine and (T)hymine.
       
So Microsoft is working on storing digital data in DNA molecules which are consist of 1s & 0s,using the similar technique used in natural genetic information storing .To understand the story,we should have a clear picture of the structure of a DNA molecule .Nucleotides are the building blocks of the DNA .These nucleotide are made up of base pairs called (A)denine, (C)ytonine, (G)uanine and (T)hymine,A sugar group called deoxeribe sugar,a phosphate group.A polynucleotide is build by connecting these nucleotides together.These kind of two polynucleotides are made a one DNA molecule.

 Microsoft purchased 10 million strands of synthetic DNA from a company called Twist Bioscience.their target was to test whether digital data can be store in a DNA.this research was conducted at University of Washington.this was carried out by a research team from Microsoft and University of Washington under the supervision of Douglas Carmean, project leader and partner architect, Microsoft .when we are seeking for a technology to store data we need to consider storage density and durability. Using DNA to archive data is an attractive possibility because it is extremely dense (up to about 1 exabyte per cubic millimeter) and durable (half-life of over 500 years). 

 In this research The team stored digital versions of works of art (including a high-definition video by the band OK Go!), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in more than 100 languages, the top 100 books of Project Guttenberg and the nonprofit Crop Trust’s seed database on DNA strands.



Storing digital data on DNA works like this:

First the data is translated from 1s and 0s into the “letters” of the four nucleotide bases of a DNA strand — (A)denine, (C)ytosine, (G)uanine and (T)hymine.

Then they have vendor Twist Bioscience “translate those letters, which are still in electronic form, into the molecules themselves, and send them back

Reading the data uses a biotech tweak to random access memory (RAM), another concept borrowed from computer science. The team uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique that molecular biologists use routinely to manipulate DNA, to multiply or “amplify” the strands it wants to recover. Once they’ve sharply increased the concentration of the desired snippets, they take a sample, sequence or decode the DNA and then run error correction computations.


       

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